A cikin masana'antar sinadarai, akwai samfura guda biyu masu sunaye iri ɗaya, wato glyoxylic acid da glycolic acid. Sau da yawa mutane ba za su iya raba su ba. A yau, bari mu kalli waɗannan samfuran biyu tare. Glyoxylic acid da glycolic acid sune kwayoyin halitta guda biyu tare da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin tsari da kaddarorin. Bambance-bambancen su ya dogara ne akan tsarin kwayoyin halitta, kaddarorin sinadarai, kaddarorin jiki da aikace-aikace, kamar haka:
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta da abun da ke ciki sun bambanta
Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin bambanci tsakanin su biyun, wanda kai tsaye ke ƙayyade bambance-bambancen wasu kaddarorin.
CAS 298-12-4, tare da tsarin sinadarai C2H2O3 da tsarin tsarin HOOC-CHO, ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin aiki guda biyu - ƙungiyar carboxyl (-COOH) da ƙungiyar aldehyde (-CHO), kuma yana cikin rukuni na aldehyde acid na mahadi.
CAS 79-14-1, tare da tsarin sinadarai C2H4O3 da tsarin tsarin HOOC-CH2OH, ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin aiki guda biyu - ƙungiyar carboxyl (-COOH) da ƙungiyar hydroxyl (-OH), kuma yana cikin rukunin α -hydroxy acid na mahadi.
Hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta na biyu sun bambanta da nau'o'in hydrogen guda biyu (H2), kuma bambanci a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu aiki (kungiyar aldehyde vs. ƙungiyar hydroxyl) shine babban bambanci.
Daban-daban sinadaran Properties
Bambance-bambancen ƙungiyoyin aiki suna haifar da mabanbantan sinadarai tsakanin su biyun:
Halayenglycoxilic acid(saboda kasancewar kungiyoyin aldehyde):
Yana da kaddarorin rage ƙarfi: ƙungiyar aldehyde tana da sauƙin oxidized kuma tana iya ɗaukar nauyin madubi na azurfa tare da maganin ammonia na azurfa, amsa tare da dakatarwar jan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe da aka shirya don samar da hazo mai tubali (cuprous oxide), kuma ana iya oxidized zuwa oxalic acid ta oxidants kamar potassium permanganate da hydrogen peroxide.
Ƙungiyoyin Aldehyde na iya samun ƙarin halayen: alal misali, suna iya amsawa tare da hydrogen don samar da glycolic acid (wannan wani nau'i ne na dangantaka tsakanin su biyu).
Halayen glycolic acid (saboda kasancewar kungiyoyin hydroxyl):
Ƙungiyoyin Hydroxyl sune nucleophilic: suna iya jurewa intramolecular ko intermolecular esterification halayen tare da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl don samar da esters cyclic ko polyesters (kamar polyglycolic acid, kayan polymer mai lalacewa).
Kungiyoyin Hydroxyl na iya zama oxidized: duk da haka, wahalar iskar oxygen ta fi na kungiyoyin aldehyde a cikin glyoxylic acid, kuma ana buƙatar oxidant mai ƙarfi (kamar potassium dichromate) don oxidize ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl zuwa ƙungiyoyin aldehyde ko ƙungiyoyin carboxyl.
Acidity na ƙungiyar carboxyl: Dukansu sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin carboxyl kuma suna da acidic. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar hydroxyl na glycolic acid yana da tasirin ba da gudummawar lantarki mai rauni akan ƙungiyar carboxyl, kuma acidity ɗinsa ya ɗan yi rauni fiye da na glycolic acid (glycolic acid pKa≈3.18, glycolic acid pKa≈3.83).
Kaddarorin jiki daban-daban
Jiha da solubility:
Ana iya narkewa cikin ruwa da abubuwan kaushi mai ƙarfi (irin su ethanol), amma saboda bambancin polarity na ƙwayoyin cuta, solubilities ɗin su ya ɗan bambanta (glyoxylic acid yana da polarity mai ƙarfi da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi a cikin ruwa).
Wurin narkewa
Matsakaicin narkewar glyoxylic acid shine kusan 98 ℃, yayin da na glycolic acid shine kusan 78-79 ℃. Bambancin ya samo asali ne daga sojojin intermolecular (kungiyar aldehyde na glyoxylic acid yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tare da ƙungiyar carboxyl).
Aikace-aikace daban-daban
An yafi amfani a cikin Organic kira masana'antu, kamar kira na vanillin (danshi), allantoin (a Pharmaceutical matsakaici don inganta rauni waraka), p-hydroxyphenylglycine (wani kwayoyin matsakaici), da dai sauransu Har ila yau, za a iya amfani da a matsayin ƙari a electroplating mafita ko a kayan shafawa (daukar amfani da antioxidant Properties). Kayayyakin kula da gashi: A matsayin sinadari mai sanyaya jiki, yana taimakawa wajen gyara ɓangarorin gashin da suka lalace da haɓaka ƙoshin gashi (yana buƙatar haɗawa da sauran kayan abinci don rage haushi).
A matsayin α-hydroxy acid (AHA), ainihin aikace-aikacen sa shine galibi a fagen samfuran kula da fata. Yana aiki a matsayin wani abu mai cirewa (ta hanyar narkar da abubuwan haɗin kai tsakanin stratum corneum na fata don inganta zubar da mataccen fata), inganta matsalolin kamar fata mai laushi da alamun kuraje. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ita a cikin masana'antun masana'anta (a matsayin wakili mai bleaching), masu tsaftacewa (don cire sikelin), da kuma a cikin haɗin robobi masu lalacewa (polyglycolic acid).
Bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin masu tushe guda biyu daga ƙungiyoyi masu aiki: glyoxylic acid ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar aldehyde (tare da ƙaƙƙarfan kaddarorin ragewa, da aka yi amfani da su a cikin haɗin kwayoyin halitta), kuma glycolic acid ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar hydroxyl (za'a iya yin amfani da shi a cikin kulawar fata da filayen kayan). Daga tsari zuwa yanayi sannan zuwa aikace-aikace, dukkansu suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci saboda wannan babban bambanci.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-11-2025